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Complete List of Excel Math and Trig Functions, References and Examples

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Excel Math Functions perform many of the common mathematical calculations, including basic arithmetic, conditional sums & products, exponents & logarithms, and the trigonometric ratios.

Here’s a full list of Built-In Math and Trig Functions in Excel and their Descriptions below:

Click each of the function link to see detailed example.

Basic Numeric Information
ABS Returns the absolute value (i.e. the modulus) of a supplied number
GCD Returns the Greatest Common Divisor of two or more supplied numbers
LCM Returns the Least Common Multiple of two or more supplied numbers
SIGN Returns the sign (+1, -1 or 0) of a supplied number
Basic Mathematical Operations
AGGREGATE Performs a specified calculation (e.g. the sum, product, average, etc.) for a list or database, with the option to ignore hidden rows and error values (New in Excel 2010)
 SUBTOTAL Performs a specified calculation (e.g. the sum, product, average, etc.) for a supplied set of values
QUOTIENT Returns the integer portion of a division between two supplied numbers
SQRT Returns the positive square root of a given number
PRODUCT Returns the product of a supplied list of numbers
MOD Returns the remainder from a division between two supplied numbers
POWER Returns the result of a given number raised to a supplied power
SUM Returns the sum of a supplied list of numbers
Rounding Functions
FLOOR.MATH Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance (New in Excel 2013)
CEILING.MATH Rounds a number up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance (New in Excel 2013)
ROUNDUP Rounds a number away from zero (i.e. rounds a positive number up and a negative number down), to a given number of digits
CEILING Rounds a number away from zero (i.e. rounds a positive number up and a negative number down), to a multiple of significance
EVEN Rounds a number away from zero (i.e. rounds a positive number up and a negative number down), to the next even number
ODD Rounds a number away from zero (i.e. rounds a positive number up and a negative number down), to the next odd number
INT Rounds a number down to the next integer
FLOOR.PRECISE Rounds a number down, regardless of the sign of the number, to a multiple of significance (New in Excel 2010)
ROUNDDOWN Rounds a number towards zero, (i.e. rounds a positive number down and a negative number up), to a given number of digits
FLOOR Rounds a number towards zero, (i.e. rounds a positive number down and a negative number up), to a multiple of significance
ROUND Rounds a number up or down, to a given number of digits
MROUND Rounds a number up or down, to the nearest multiple of significance
CEILING.PRECISE Rounds a number up, regardless of the sign of the number, to a multiple of significance (New in Excel 2010)
ISO.CEILING Rounds a number up, regardless of the sign of the number, to a multiple of significance. (New in Excel 2010)
TRUNC Truncates a number towards zero (i.e. rounds a positive number down and a negative number up), to the next integer.
Matrix Functions
MDETERM Returns the matrix determinant of a supplied array
MINVERSE Returns the matrix inverse of a supplied array
MMULT Returns the matrix product of two supplied arrays
MUNIT Returns the unit matrix for a specified dimension (New in Excel 2013)
Random Numbers
RAND Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANDBETWEEN Returns a random number between two given integers
Conditional Sums
SUMIF Adds the cells in a supplied range, that satisfy a given criteria
SUMIFS Adds the cells in a supplied range, that satisfy multiple criteria (New in Excel 2007)
Advanced Mathematical Operations
SERIESSUM Returns the sum of a power series
SUMXMY2 Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two supplied arrays
SUMX2MY2 Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two supplied arrays
SUMPRODUCT Returns the sum of the products of corresponding values in two or more supplied arrays
SUMSQ Returns the sum of the squares of a supplied list of numbers
SUMX2PY2 Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two supplied arrays
Trigonometry Functions
RADIANS Converts Degrees to Radians
DEGREES Converts Radians to Degrees
ACOS Returns the Arccosine of a number
ACOT Returns the arccotangent of a number (New in Excel 2013)
ASIN Returns the Arcsine of a number
ATAN Returns the Arctangent of a given number
ATAN2 Returns the Arctangent of a given pair of x and y coordinates
PI Returns the constant value of pi
CSC Returns the cosecant of an angle (New in Excel 2013)
COS Returns the Cosine of a given angle
COT Returns the cotangent of an angle (New in Excel 2013)
ACOTH Returns the hyperbolic arccotangent of a number (New in Excel 2013)
CSCH Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle (New in Excel 2013)
COSH Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
COTH Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of an angle (New in Excel 2013)
SECH Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle (New in Excel 2013)
SINH Returns the Hyperbolic Sine of a number
TANH Returns the Hyperbolic Tangent of a given number
ACOSH Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
ASINH Returns the Inverse Hyperbolic Sine of a number
ATANH Returns the Inverse Hyperbolic Tangent of a given number
SEC Returns the secant of an angle (New in Excel 2013)
SIN Returns the Sine of a given angle
SQRTPI Returns the square root of a supplied number multiplied by pi
TAN Returns the Tangent of a given angle
Exponents & Logarithms
LOG10 Returns the base 10 logarithm of a given number
LOG Returns the logarithm of a given number, to a specified base
LN Returns the natural logarithm of a given number
EXP Returns e raised to a given power
Factorials
FACTDOUBLE Returns the Double Factorial of a given number
FACT Returns the Factorial of a given number
MULTINOMIAL Returns the Multinomial of a given set of numbers
Miscellaneous
BASE Converts a number into a text representation, with the supplied base (New in Excel 2013)
ARABIC Converts a Roman numeral to an Arabic numeral (New in Excel 2013)
DECIMAL Converts a text representation of a number in a specified base into a decimal number (New in Excel 2013)
ROMAN Returns a text string depicting the roman numeral for a given number
COMBINA Returns the number of combinations (with repetitions) for a given number of items (New in Excel 2013)
COMBIN Returns the number of combinations (without repititions) for a given number of objects

Note: Further math-related Excel functions are also provided in the Excel Statistical Functions and Excel Engineering Functions categories.

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