SUBTOTAL function: Description, Usage, Syntax, Examples and Explanation

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What is SUBTOTAL function in Excel?

SUBTOTAL function is one of the Math and Trig functions in Microsoft Excel that returns a subtotal in a list or database. It is generally easier to create a list with subtotals by using the Subtotal command in the Outline group on the Data tab in the Excel desktop application. Once the subtotal list is created, you can modify it by editing the SUBTOTAL function.

Syntax of SUBTOTAL function

SUBTOTAL(function_num,ref1,[ref2],…)

The SUBTOTAL function syntax has the following arguments:

  • Function_num: The number 1-11 or 101-111 that specifies the function to use for the subtotal. 1-11 includes manually-hidden rows, while 101-111 excludes them; filtered-out cells are always excluded.
Function_num
(includes hidden values)		 Function_num
(ignores hidden values)		 Function
1 101 AVERAGE
2 102 COUNT
3 103 COUNTA
4 104 MAX
5 105 MIN
6 106 PRODUCT
7 107 STDEV
8 108 STDEVP
9 109 SUM
10 110 VAR
11 111 VARP
  • Ref1: The first named range or reference for which you want the subtotal.
  • Ref2,..(Optional): Named ranges or references 2 to 254 for which you want the subtotal.
Worked Example:   Count visible rows in a filtered list in Excel

SUBTOTAL formula explanation

  • The SUBTOTAL function is designed for columns of data, or vertical ranges. It is not designed for rows of data, or horizontal ranges. For example, when you subtotal a horizontal range using a function_num of 101 or greater, such as SUBTOTAL(109,B2:G2), hiding a column does not affect the subtotal. But, hiding a row in a subtotal of a vertical range does affect the subtotal.
  • If any of the references are 3-D references, SUBTOTAL returns the #VALUE! error value.
  • If there are other subtotals within ref1, ref2,… (or nested subtotals), these nested subtotals are ignored to avoid double counting.
  • For the function_num constants from 1 to 11, the SUBTOTAL function includes the values of rows hidden by the Hide Rows command under the Hide & Unhide submenu of the Format command in the Cellsgroup on the Home tab in the Excel desktop application. Use these constants when you want to subtotal hidden and nonhidden numbers in a list. For the function_Num constants from 101 to 111, the SUBTOTAL function ignores values of rows hidden by the Hide Rows command. Use these constants when you want to subtotal only nonhidden numbers in a list.
  • The SUBTOTAL function ignores any rows that are not included in the result of a filter, no matter which function_num value you use.
Worked Example:   Subtotal function in Excel

Example of SUBTOTAL function

Steps to follow:

1. Open a new Excel worksheet.

2. Copy data in the following table below and paste it in cell A1

Worked Example:   Count visible rows only with criteria in Excel

Note: For formulas to show results, select them, press F2 key on your keyboard and then press Enter.

You can adjust the column widths to see all the data, if need be.

Data
120
10
150
23
Formula Description Result
=SUBTOTAL(9,A2:A5) The sum of the subtotal of the cells A2:A5, using 9 as the first argument. 303
=SUBTOTAL(1,A2:A5) The average of the subtotal of the cells A2:A5, using 1 as the first argument. 75.75
Notes
The SUBTOTAL function always requires a numeric argument (1 through 11, 101 through 111) as its first argument. This numeric argument is applied to the subtotal of the values (cell ranges, named ranges) that are specified as the arguments that follow.

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